Value Investing
Value investing involves buying securities trading below intrinsic value — 'dollar bills for fifty cents' — with a margin of safety.
Concept map
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Definition
Value investing involves buying securities trading below intrinsic value — 'dollar bills for fifty cents' — with a margin of safety.
Use case
Used in investment strategy workflows, analysis, and technical interviews.
Judgment check
Useful only when the assumptions and inputs behind the metric are understood.
Deep dive
How to think about Value Investing
Pioneered by Benjamin Graham and David Dodd, popularized by Warren Buffett. Value investors seek low P/E, low P/B, high dividend yields, and strong free cash flow. The value factor historically outperformed growth over long periods, though with extended periods of underperformance (like 2010-2020).
Example: Value investor finds a bank trading at 0.8x book value, 8x earnings, 4% dividend yield — cheap by historical standards. Thesis: either valuation multiples expand (generating capital gains) or the income provides adequate return while waiting.