Profit Margin
Profit margin measures how much of each revenue dollar translates to profit: Net Income / Revenue. Variants include gross, operating, and net margins.
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Definition
Profit margin measures how much of each revenue dollar translates to profit: Net Income / Revenue. Variants include gross, operating, and net margins.
Use case
Used in financial ratios workflows, analysis, and technical interviews.
Judgment check
Useful only when the assumptions and inputs behind the metric are understood.
Deep dive
How to think about Profit Margin
Gross margin = (Revenue - COGS) / Revenue (production efficiency). Operating margin = EBIT / Revenue (operational control). Net margin = Net Income / Revenue (overall profitability). Margins vary enormously by industry — software often 20-30% net margin, grocery retail 2-3%.
Example: Apple: Revenue $394B, Gross profit $171B, Operating income $123B, Net income $97B. Gross margin = 43.4%, Operating margin = 31.2%, Net margin = 24.6% — among the most profitable large companies globally.